相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 21, 2025

12:44
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
8.0K
根据不同的代表性度路径对河流流量气候变化的评估
Pouria Nakhaei1, Ozgur Kisi2, Mahdi Nakhaei3
1State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Journal of environmental management
|July 11, 2024
概括
气候变化将大大减少伊朗扎里内河流域的流量. 预测显示降水量减少和温度升高,导致资源和农业用水供应减少.
科学领域:
- 水文和气候科学 水文和气候科学
- 环境建模环境建模
- 水资源管理 水资源管理
背景情况:
- 气候变化和温室气体排放大大改变了水文循环,特别是在干旱/半干旱地区.
- 对水资源,农业,土壤和洪水风险的影响需要详细的区域评估.
- 伊朗的扎里内河流域面临着由于这些气候变化的潜在水资源挑战.
研究的目的:
- 调查气候变化对扎里内河流域流动的影响.
- 预测未来的流量变化,跨越三个十年间隔,直到2099年.
- 为水资源管理制定适应和减缓战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在不同的代表性度路径 (RCP) 下,利用了四种通用循环模型 (GCM).
- 由GCMs生成的每日温度 (Tmax,Tmin) 和降水数据.
- 使用土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模拟溪流变化.
主要成果:
- 预计每年降水量和最高气温 (Tmax) 的下降,最低气温 (Tmin) 的显著增加.
- 预计到2090-2099年,平均降水量将从0.77毫米 (1985-1994) 减少到0.28-0.42毫米.
- 在盆地出口的模拟流量显示,到2090-2099年,从52 m3/s大幅减少到20-41 m3/s的范围.
结论:
- 气候变化预测表明,扎里内河流域的流量大幅减少.
- 温度梯度最高的GCM预测了最低的流量,强调了温度的作用.
- 调查结果强调,迫切需要采取适应性水资源管理战略,以应对不断减少的水资源.
相关概念视频
What is Climate?
18.4K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.4K
Global Climate Change
24.3K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.3K
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
43
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
43
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
25.5K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
25.5K
Typical Model Studies
354
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
354
Rapidly Varying Flow
57
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
57

