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Updated: Jun 21, 2025

[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

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蓝生产在细胞染色体P450 BM3中确定了用于多样化芳香氧化酶的热点

Douglas J Fansher1,2,3, Jonathan N Besna2,3,4, Joelle N Pelletier1,2,3,4

  • 1Chemistry Department, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. joelle.pelletier@umontreal.ca.

Faraday discussions
|July 12, 2024
PubMed
概括

本研究引入了一种高通量选方法,用于使用印花生产的P450 BM3酶工程. 重组成功的色表达变体加速了发现有力的芳香氧化酶的过程.

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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
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All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
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