:

Chung-Han Ho1,2, Wen-Hsin Tseng3, Steven K Huang3

  • 1Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.

概括

吸烟显著增加了膀癌死亡率. 曾经吸烟的患者的整体和癌症特异性死亡率较高,特别是那些患有严重并发症或非肌肉侵入性膀癌的患者.