解开美国西部河流中地宏观无脊椎动物群体的自然和人为影响
C Emi Fergus1, J Renée Brooks2, Philip R Kaufmann2,3
1Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
概括
了解河流健康需要检查流域,河岸和河内因素如何影响宏观无脊椎动物. 沿海覆盖面是关键,减轻土地利用对水生生态系统的影响.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 溪流宏观无脊椎动物群是生态健康的关键生物指标.
- 自然和人为因素在层次上相互作用,形成这些组合.
- 生态评估从量化这些复杂的关系中获益.
研究的目的:
- 评估假设的途径,将流域,河岸和内流因素与地宏观无脊椎动物状况联系起来.
- 测试近道内流因素的作用,土地利用的间接影响和河岸覆盖的减弱影响.
- 将结构方程建模应用于来自西部山区 (WMT) 和Xeric (XER) 生态区域的宏无脊椎动物数据.
主要方法:
- 结构方程建模 (SEM) 框架用于评估假设的因果路径.
- 概念模型是基于理论,经验证据和专家意见开发的.
- 在三个宏无脊椎动物指标上测试了SEM:观察到预期的丰富度 (O/E),多度指数 (MMI) 和Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera和Trichoptera (EPT) 丰富度.
主要成果:
- 在WMT中,河岸覆盖,物理息地 (床稳定性) 和水化学 (总) 是主要的预测因素,超过了流域因素.
- 在XER中,降水和溪流流量是关键预测因素,其效果与水化学相似.
- 土地利用通过改变床的稳定性,水质和河岸覆盖来间接降低了无脊椎巨型动物的劣质;河岸覆盖在各生态区域中缓冲了这些影响.
结论:
- 沿海植被对于保持宏无脊椎动物健康至关重要,通过减轻土地使用影响.
- 沿海覆盖影响宏观无脊椎动物的途径在生态区域之间有很大差异.
- 了解这些因素组合关系为优先考虑流管理和保护工作提供了一个框架.
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