膀癌检测和监测的非侵入性测试:对商业可用的测试进行系统审查

John R Heard1, Anirban P Mitra1,2

  • 1Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

概括

膀癌的尿液生物标志物测试显示出可变的性能. 虽然有些人提供临床实用性,但目前的测试尚未取代囊镜作为诊断和监测的黄金标准.

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