社会背景下的执行职能:对发展轨迹的概念化,测量和支持的影响
Yuko Munakata1, Laura E Michaelson2
1Department of Psychology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annual review of developmental psychology
|July 12, 2024
概括
执行功能对于目标导向行为至关重要,受到社会背景的影响,而不仅仅是天生的能力. 了解这些环境因素是支持多样化的执行功能发展的关键.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 执行功能是支持目标导向行为的关键认知过程,与生活成功有关.
- 执行职能中的个人差异预测了学术,社会和长期生活结果.
- 虽然传统上被认为是稳定的,但由于环境因素,执行职能越来越被认为是可塑的.
研究的目的:
- 探索社会背景影响对儿童执行功能参与的影响.
- 重新评估在不同人群中执行职能中的个人差异的起源.
- 解决如何在各种环境中最好地概念化,衡量和支持执行职能.
主要方法:
- 审查最近关于社会背景对执行职能的影响的研究.
- 分析与执行职能中的文化和社会经济差异相关的发现.
- 考虑现实世界的动态和计算机制.
主要成果:
- 社会背景显著地影响了儿童与执行职能的接触.
- 环境因素为执行职能和生活结果的变化提供了新的解释.
- 执行职能现有的差异可能与不同的社会和文化背景有关.
结论:
- 执行职能不仅仅是由天生的倾向决定的,而且在很大程度上是由环境和社会因素决定的.
- 未来的研究应该专注于现实世界的动态和计算模型,以了解执行职能发展.
- 制定有效的战略来支持执行职能需要考虑不同的文化和社会经济背景.
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