实施建筑湿地以减少流域规模的营养物质:有机会将模型和现实世界的执行联系起来
C T Nietch1, R J Hawley2, A Safwat3
1US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, Ohio.
概括
建筑湿地对减轻营养污染有希望,但实现目标需要创新的设计和现实的实地规模实施. 对成本效益的分析对于管理流域恢复工作中有限的资源至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水资源管理 水资源管理
- 农业工程 农业工程
背景情况:
- 水道中的营养污染是全球重要的环境问题.
- 有效和成本效益的缓解策略对于资源管理和政策制定至关重要.
- 美国环境保护局优先研究成本有效的营养污染控制.
研究的目的:
- 模拟和比较农业流域中各种营养管理实践的成本效益.
- 评估使用建筑湿地以达到特定的营养减少目标的可行性.
- 确定实施大规模建造湿地系统以减轻营养物质的挑战和机会.
主要方法:
- 模拟了六种营养管理实践:废物管理,覆盖作物,过条,草地水道,建筑湿地和减少肥料应用.
- 专注于模拟俄俄州小迈阿密河流域的上东叉,一个主要是农业地区.
- 计算了每公斤被去除的营养物质的成本,并估计了实现42%减少目标所需的建造湿地的规模.
主要成果:
- 建筑湿地是每单位移除的营养物质最具成本效益的做法.
- 为了实现42%的减少目标,需要处理85.5%的排列作物面积,并修建3.61平方公里的湿地,每年耗资约240万美元.
- 目前和计划中的湿地建设 (0.032平方公里+0.409平方公里) 代表了一项重大投资,但估计只能达到13%的所需营养减少.
结论:
- 虽然建造湿地具有成本效益,但由于规模和实施的实际限制,仅仅通过湿地实现实质性的营养减少目标是具有挑战性的.
- 创新的设计策略和考虑土地所有者的接受对于成功的流域规模营养减少模拟至关重要.
- 现场规模建设机会的现实评估对于有效的营养管理规划是必要的.
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