挖掘葡萄遗产:青铜晚期 - 铁器时代葡萄芯与现代栽培品种之间的形态关系
Mariano Ucchesu1, Anna Depalmas2, Marco Sarigu3
1Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier-CNRS-IRD-EPHE, 34000 Montpellier, France.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 13, 2024
概括
来自撒丁岛的考古葡萄粒揭示了古老的葡萄种植实践. 分析显示,自青铜时代晚期以来,人们一直在种植野生和国产葡萄,包括红色和白色葡萄品种.
科学领域:
- 考古植物学 考古植物学
- 古代DNA研究研究 古代DNA研究
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 葡萄树是古老的化水果作物,对全球葡萄酒和食用葡萄的生产至关重要.
- 现代葡萄品种的演变是由于化过程中的长期选择.
- 西欧现代国内葡萄树的起源与杂交有关,但古代起源仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究撒丁岛古葡萄树的起源和多样性.
- 为了分析来自青铜时代晚期和铁器时代的考古葡萄粒.
- 为了比较古老的葡萄皮与现代品种,以了解历史的葡萄种植.
主要方法:
- 分析了2228个来自萨丁尼亚的考古葡萄粒 (青铜时代晚期和铁器时代).
- 形态测量和线性差异分析的应用.
- 与现代葡萄品种 (330个品种) 的参考集合进行比较.
主要成果:
- 青铜时代晚期的石与化葡萄树有很高的相似性,其中野生类型的比例很小.
- 铁器时代的石头主要被归类为国内的.
- 白色和红色葡萄品种都在种植,这表明多样化.
- 许多种子与高加索和巴尔干地区的品种有相似之处,以及特定的地中海品种,如"Muscat à petits grains blancs"和"Garnacha".
结论:
- 古代撒丁岛的葡萄种植涉及野生和养的葡萄树.
- 撒丁岛的葡萄种植多样化,包括红色和白色品种,从青铜时代晚期开始.
- 这种多样性很可能是西亚品种和当地葡萄树之间的杂交造成的,从青铜时代晚期开始.
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