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Clare Bocklage1,2, Raven Selden3, Olivia Tumsuden3

  • 1Orthodontics Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

概括

一个新的编码系统,儿科牙疼痛,焦虑和恐惧编码方法 (PAFCA),可靠地测量儿童在牙医诊所的痛苦. 这个工具有助于评估非药物焦虑管理技术.