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从阿尔茨海默病患者的临床记录中提取睡眠信息,使用自然语言处理
Sonish Sivarajkumar1, Thomas Yu Chow Tam2, Haneef Ahamed Mohammad2
1Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
概括
从临床笔记中自动提取睡眠模式可以帮助阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 研究. 基于规则的NLP算法在识别与AD发病和进展相关的睡眠问题方面表现出卓越的表现.
科学领域:
- 计算语言学计算语言学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是导致痴呆的主要原因,睡眠障碍是潜在的促成因素.
- 目前收集睡眠数据的方法是低效和主观的,阻碍了大规模的AD研究.
- 从临床笔记中自动提取睡眠模式提供了一个可扩展的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估自动化方法,从AD患者的临床记录中提取与睡眠相关的模式.
- 识别特定的睡眠模式,如打,午睡,睡眠质量差,白天嗜睡,夜间醒来和睡眠时间.
- 提供关于睡眠与AD发病率和进展之间的关系的见解.
主要方法:
- 从手动注释的AD患者的临床笔记创建一个黄金标准数据集.
- 开发基于规则的自然语言处理 (NLP) 算法.
- 实现机器学习 (ML) 模型和基于大型语言模型 (LLM) 的NLP算法,用于自动提取.
主要成果:
- 基于规则的NLP算法在所有与睡眠相关的概念中实现了最佳整体性能 (F1得分).
- 基于规则的NLP算法证明了白天嗜睡和睡眠时间的高正预测值 (PPV).
- 基于LLM和ML的模型显示,对于小睡和夜间醒来等特定概念,PPV具有竞争力,尽管整体性能落后于基于规则的方法.
结论:
- 从临床笔记中自动提取睡眠信息是可行的,即使不经常记录.
- 基于规则的NLP算法在提取AD患者的睡眠相关概念方面非常有效.
- 开发的方法可以扩展到AD研究之外,以提取其他疾病的睡眠信息.
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