老年人的自下而上与自上而下数字认知训练的影响:一项随机对照试验
Erica Woodruff1, Bruno Costa Poltronieri2, Luisa Pedrosa de Albuquerque Sousa1
1Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Archives of gerontology and geriatrics
|July 13, 2024
概括
数字认知训练可以改善老年人的认知能力. 从下到上,然后从上到下的训练方法显示了最持久的认知益处,突出了炼顺序的重要性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 与年龄相关的认知衰退与受损的自下而上的感知处理有关.
- 数字认知培训旨在通过针对自下而上的和自上而下的过程来改善认知功能.
- 老年人认知修复的最佳训练类型和顺序尚未确立.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同数字认知训练序列对与年龄相关的认知衰退的有效性.
- 为了比较"自下而上,然后自上而下"与"自上而下,然后自下而上"培训的长期影响.
- 确定训练命令对特定认知领域的影响.
主要方法:
- 115名老年人被随机分为三个组:自下而上,然后自上而下训练,自上而下,然后自下而上训练,或积极对照.
- 认知评估在基线进行,在20小时和40小时的训练后,并在随访时进行.
- 混合模型分析被用来评估随着时间的推移和群体之间的认知变化.
主要成果:
- 全球认知在20小时后在自上而下的组中得到改善,并在40小时后在所有组中得到改善.
- 下向/上向训练组在干预后5个月表现出持续的全球认知改善.
- 训练组的回忆和口头流度有所改善,而对照组的处理速度有所放缓.
结论:
- 从下到上,然后从上到下进行数字认知训练的顺序应用在老年人中产生了最持久的认知益处.
- 认知训练练习的顺序显著影响认知功能的长期增长.
- 这项研究强调了定制培训方案对于老年人群有效的认知补救的重要性.
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