最近在医疗保健的联合学习方面取得的方法学进展
Fan Zhang1, Daniel Kreuter1, Yichen Chen1
1Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Patterns (New York, N.Y.)
|July 15, 2024
概括
联合学习使机器学习在医疗保健数据上无需共享,但面临着数据孤岛和不平衡等挑战. 这次审查发现现有方法存在系统性问题,需要改善医疗保健应用程序的开发.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
背景情况:
- 由于伦理和隐私方面的担忧,医疗保健数据往往被隔离,阻止了传统的集中式机器学习.
- 联合学习 (FL) 提供了一个解决方案,通过在分布式数据集中实现模型训练,而无需数据聚合.
- 医疗保健数据带来了独特的挑战,包括阶级不平衡,缺失的值和非标准化变量,使FL实施复杂化.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析针对医疗保健数据挑战而开发的新型联合学习方法.
- 确定医疗应用当前联合学习方法中的系统性问题和局限性.
- 为加强医疗保健中未来联合学习方法的发展提供建议.
主要方法:
- 2015年1月至2023年2月期间发表的Scopus索引论文的系统文献综述.
- 专注于描述解决医疗保健数据复杂性的新联合学习方法论的论文.
- 审查了89篇符合纳入标准的论文.
主要成果:
- 在许多审查的联合学习方法中确定了重要的系统性问题.
- 发现现有的FL方法无法充分解决医疗保健数据的常见挑战 (孤岛,不平衡,缺失数据,分布转移).
- 强调了联合学习带来的方法复杂性,包括分布式优化和模型聚合.
结论:
- 目前用于医疗保健数据的联合学习方法存在重大系统性缺陷.
- 迫切需要改进和强大的联合学习方法,以适应医疗数据的独特挑战.
- 提供了建议,以指导未来在这个领域的研究和开发.
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