与特定的细菌种群相关的饮食成分塑造了非洲杂食生物体的整体肠道社区组成
Malou B Storm1,2, Emilia M R Arfaoui1,2, Phumlile Simelane3
1Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.
Ecology and evolution
|July 15, 2024
概括
使用分子工具探索了野生食肉动物的饮食和肠道细菌的联系. 饮食成分在物种之间有所不同,影响特定的肠道细菌群体,而不是整个社区.
科学领域:
- 微生物生态学 微生物生态学
- 野生动物生物学 野生动物生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 肠道细菌在饮食变化期间提供宿主灵活性.
- 野生杂食动物的饮食和肠道细菌之间的联系仍然不清楚.
- 分子工具可以完善野生哺乳动物的饮食特征.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究两种非洲viverridae物种 (Civettictis civetta和Genetta spp.消费的饮食和肠道细菌群落之间的关系. ) 的情况.
- 将基于分子的饮食分析与传统方法进行比较.
- 了解饮食的变化如何影响野生杂食动物的肠道微生物组成.
主要方法:
- 便样本的metabarcoding被用于表征肠道细菌群落.
- 脊椎动物,无脊椎动物和植物标记物的DNA测序确定了饮食分类.
- 对每个人的饮食成分和细菌社区结构进行了分析.
主要成果:
- 通过分子方法确定的饮食成分与以前的视觉识别不同.
- Civettictis civetta消耗更多的动物物品,而Genetta spp.则消耗更多的动物物品. 消费了更多的植物性食品,这与他们共同的饮食协会分类相反.
- 具有类似饮食的个体表现出类似的肠道细菌群落,由特定的饮食微生物联系驱动.
结论:
- 分子工具对于准确描述万食动物饮食至关重要.
- 饮食驱动的选择影响野生宿主中的特定肠道细菌属.
- 研究结果强调了宿主-微生物共生灵活性在应对环境变化的重要性.
相关概念视频
01:29Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
416
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
416
01:50What is Monogastric Digestion?
71.0K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
71.0K
01:30Mechanical and Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine
861
The small intestine plays a crucial role in our digestive system, performing both mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mechanical digestion in the small intestine involves movements such as segmentations and migrating motility complexes (MMCs), primarily controlled by the myenteric plexus. Segmentations are localized contractions occurring in areas of the intestine distended by chyme—a mixture of partially digested food. These contractions mix chyme with digestive juices, facilitating...
Mechanical digestion in the small intestine involves movements such as segmentations and migrating motility complexes (MMCs), primarily controlled by the myenteric plexus. Segmentations are localized contractions occurring in areas of the intestine distended by chyme—a mixture of partially digested food. These contractions mix chyme with digestive juices, facilitating...
861
01:28Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements
425
Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
425
01:02Protein Digestion
103.3K
Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.
103.3K
01:23Dietary Connections
50.2K
In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
50.2K