附近的捕食者:大型食肉动物如何应对微小规模的人为压力? 对接口区域管理的影响
Manu Mohan1,2, Sambandam Sathyakumar3, Ramesh Krishnamurthy2,4
1Post-Graduate Programme in Wildlife Science, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
PeerJ
|July 15, 2024
概括
像老虎这样的大型食肉动物在人类主导的地区适应他们的行为,增加冲突风险. 在人类定居点附近管理牲畜对于缓解人虎冲突和促进共存至关重要.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 人与野生动物的互动
背景情况:
- 大型食肉动物面临息地丧失和碎片化,导致与人类主导的景观的相互作用增加.
- 人类与食肉动物的相互作用带来了重大挑战和成本,但研究往往孤立地分析这些影响.
- 这项研究将人类和食肉动物的影响纳入一个共同的框架,在保护区和人类定居点的界面.
研究的目的:
- 了解老虎的时空活动模式和行为调整,以应对人为压力.
- 评估老虎在人类主导的景观中的空间使用,时间活动和运动模式.
- 模拟冲突模式,特别是牲畜掠夺,作为老虎存在和息地变量的函数.
主要方法:
- 微型摄像头捕捉和GPS项圈数据收集.
- 占用模型用于空间利用评估.
- 贝叶斯循环概括线性模型用于时间活动分析.
- 对于移动模式的家庭范围和步骤长度分析.
- 捕食风险模型包含老虎存在和息地变量.
主要成果:
- 虎占据了研究区域的很大比例 (ψ = 0.76),受到了靠近村庄和野生猎物的丰富影响.
- 虎在村庄附近的夜间活动增加,并利用更接近人类定居点的地区,其中11%的家园范围重叠村庄边界.
- 随着村庄和高速公路的接近,牲畜掠夺的概率显著增加 (P = 0.002和P = 0.003,分别).
结论:
- 有效的界面管理需要了解人类和大型食肉动物之间的复杂相互作用,包括行为适应和冲突动态.
- 综合方法对于揭开因果关系和促进人类主导景观中的共存至关重要.
- 管理牲畜和人类基础设施对于缓解人虎冲突至关重要.
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