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地下水输入可能是湖泊生态系统中的重要但经常被忽视的来源

M Sol Lisboa¹, Rebecca L Schneider², Lars G Rudstam²

¹Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. msolisboa@gmail.com.

Scientific reports

|July 15, 2024

概括

地下水透是淡水湖中 (P) 的一个主要,但被忽视的来源. 这种连续的P输入燃料有害的蓝藻细菌繁荣和丰富近海水域,影响湖泊生态系统.

科学领域:

环境科学环境科学
临界技术临界技术
水文学的水文学

背景情况:

淡水湖面临来自营养和污染物输入的威胁.
全球越来越多的有毒蓝藻细菌繁殖突出了了解 (P) 动态的必要性.

研究的目的:

为了调查地下水透作为纽约Oneida湖P载荷源的作用.
量化地下水中的P负荷,并将其与夏季的其他来源进行比较.

主要方法:

使用漏计直接测量地下水流量.
收集孔水样本以确定P度.
在代表性的海岸线地点,监测了三个夏季的P载荷动态.

主要成果:

地下水透提供了连续和重要的溶解P来源,相当于夏季的支流输入.
靠近海岸的地表水域显示,由于地下水透,P度升高.
观察到极高的孔孔总 (TP) 度,无机P仅占~10%.

结论:

地下水透是温带湖泊中溶解的P的关键,低估的来源.
这种漏严重影响近海水质,并推动夏季的初级产量.
了解地下水的P负载对于有效的湖泊管理和恢复战略至关重要.

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The Phosphorus Cycle

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

What are Biogeochemical Cycles?

The most common elements in organic molecules, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, are only available in the ecosystem in limited amounts. Therefore, these nutrients must be recycled through both biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, in processes generally called biogeochemical cycles.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

The Water Cycle

The Water Cycle

The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.

Phosphate Buffer

Phosphate Buffer

The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate does not fully dissociate in neutral or acidic solutions. When a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced into the solution, sodium dihydrogen phosphate...