运动学习和工作记忆与练习计划之间的相互作用
Guilherme Menezes Lage1, Lucas Eduardo Antunes Bicalho1, Sergio Machado2
1Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Journal of motor behavior
|July 16, 2024
概括
高工作记忆容量有助于运动学习,特别是重复练习. 较少重复的时间表有利于所有学习者,无论工作记忆如何,增强运动技能的获得.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 机器学习科学 机器学习科学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 重复的练习时间表通常通过记忆需求与运动学习的好处有关.
- 了解工作记忆和实践结构之间的相互作用对于优化技能获取至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究工作记忆容量如何与不同的练习时间表 (变量随机与常量练习) 相互作用以影响运动学习.
- 为了确定高工作内存容量是否可以减轻不太理想的实践条件的影响.
主要方法:
- 通过N-back测试,40名女性参与者通过工作记忆能力 (WMC) 评估完成了一项连续按键任务.
- 参与者被分配到120个获取试验的可变随机实践 (VP) 或常规实践 (CP) 组.
- 延迟保留和转移测试评估了获得24小时后的运动性能.
主要成果:
- 在持续的实践中,高WMC个体在转移测试中表现出优越的运动性能,而低WMC个体则相比较低.
- 在可变随机实践组中,没有观察到基于WMC水平的性能显著差异.
- 持续实践中的高WMC学习者在所有WMC级别中与可变随机实践学习者相似.
结论:
- 具有高工作记忆能力的个体可以弥补不断重复的练习计划对工作记忆的有限需求.
- 可变随机实践似乎提供了足够的工作记忆刺激,否定了高WMC的额外好处.
- 练习计划设计应考虑工作记忆需求,以优化各种学习者的运动学习结果.
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