非热力学因素影响了来自深海水热喷口的热友化学物和自营物之间的竞争
Briana C Kubik1, James F Holden1
1Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
Applied and environmental microbiology
|July 16, 2024
概括
温度和H2可用性等环境因素会影响水热喷口中的微生物竞争. 在特定的条件下,甲基生物可以超越硫酸盐降解剂,影响深层地下生物地质化学循环.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 地下深层有大量的微生物生物质,作为早期地球和外星环境的类比.
- 甲基生成和硫还原是热,无氧的热水喷口中关键的化学和自otrophic代谢.
- 减硫剂和甲基生物体之间的竞争通常由热力学控制,有利于减硫剂.
研究的目的:
- 研究环境因素如何影响三种自营热性菌体之间的微生物竞争:Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum,Methanocaldococcus jannaschii和Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus之间的微生物竞争.
- 了解甲基生物可以在深层地下环境中超越硫酸盐减速剂的条件.
主要方法:
- 在不同的H2度和初始比率下,在单种和共同种植中培养三种热友微生物 (*D. thermolithotrophum*, *M. jannaschii*, *M. thermolithotrophicus*).
- 在不同的条件下分析代谢权衡,生长率和细胞产量.
- 采用反应式运输模型来模拟受热液混合和停留时间影响的微生物竞争.
主要成果:
- 甲基生物体表现出一种代谢权衡,从高生长率/低产转变为低生长率/高产,随着H2可用性下降,在共同培养中.
- 在高度和低度的H2中,D. thermolithotrophum在1:1的初始比率下超过了两种甲化物.
- 在65°C的温度下, *M. thermolithotrophicus* 超过了 *D. thermolithotrophum* 的竞争力,当时初始比率有利于甲基生物 (10^3:1),而 *D. thermolithotrophum* 在高H2下在72°C的温度下主导了 *M. jannaschii*.
- 建模表明,高热性甲原主导在72°C以上的高流体停留时间,而热性硫酸盐减热剂主导在较短的停留时间.
结论:
- 水热喷口中的微生物竞争受到包括H2可用性,最佳生长温度,代谢权衡和水文学的因素的复杂相互作用的影响.
- 在热无氧环境中,甲对硫酸盐减速剂的优势可能会发生,特别是当停留时间足够或初始甲对硫酸盐减速剂的比率很高时.
- 了解这些竞争动态对于理解深层地下生物地球化学循环和极端环境中生命的潜力至关重要.
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