在高强度间歇训练后,健康的老年人对海马体依赖的学习能力的长期改善
Daniel G Blackmore1,2, Mia A Schaumberg3,4,5, Maryam Ziaei6
1Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Aging and disease
|July 16, 2024
概括
高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 在老年人中显著增强海马功能和记忆力. 这种改善,包括保持大脑体积和连接性,持续至少五年,提供对认知能力下降的保护.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 身体炼与降低痴呆风险有关,但对认知益处的最佳方案尚不清楚.
- 依赖海马的学习和记忆对于认知衰老至关重要,但易受衰退的影响.
- 现有的研究表明,运动对老年人的认知功能的有效性各不相同.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较三个不同的6个月运动方案对健康老年人的海马体依赖认知的影响.
- 研究运动干预措施对认知表现和大脑结构的长期影响.
- 确定与运动诱导的认知改善相关的潜在生物标志物.
主要方法:
- 151名健康的老年参与者 (65-85岁) 被随机分为低 (LIT),中 (MIT) 或高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 组.
- 参与者在6个月内完成了72次监督炼,每月进行认知测试和血液采集.
- 多模7特斯拉MRI扫描在基线,6个月和12个月进行;认知和MRI数据被追踪长达5年.
主要成果:
- 只有HIIT组在6个月后在配对关联学习 (PAL) 中显著改善.
- 高强度训练使得海马体体积得到保护,神经网络中的功能连接得到增强,与LIT和MIT不同.
- 大脑衍生神经营养因子 (BDNF) 和皮质醇水平的变化与HIIT组的认知改善相关.
结论:
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 在老年人中显著增强和维持海马体功能.
- 在大脑结构和连接性中,HIIT诱导的改善提供了长期的认知保护,防止与年龄相关的衰退.
- 像BDNF和皮质醇这样的生物标志物可能有助于为老年人提供最佳认知健康的量身定制运动处方.
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