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呼声定位蝙蝠在对声学前方掩盖的敏感性方面表现出特定物种的变化

Grace Capshaw¹, Clarice A Diebold¹, Susanne J Sterbing¹

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|July 16, 2024

概括

蝙蝠使用精确的听觉进行回声定位. 这项研究揭示了蝙蝠的物种特异性听觉时间处理适应,这对于将回声与呼声区分开来至关重要,即使是在高频率.

科学领域:

听觉神经科学听觉神经科学
生物声学是一种生物声学.
动物行为动物行为

背景情况:

呼声定位蝙蝠需要复杂的听觉时间处理来检测它们的呼声中的回声.
高回声定位呼叫率可能会导致前方掩盖,可能阻碍回声检测.
蝙蝠可能拥有专门的听觉机制来克服重复抑制和检测短暂的声音间隔.

研究的目的:

为了研究特定物种在听觉时间处理中的差异和回声定位蝙蝠的前向掩盖效应.
为了确定听觉时间分辨率的适应是否与不同的回声定位行为相关.

主要方法:

评估了两种具有不同回声定位策略的蝙蝠物种的听觉脑干响应 (ABR) 恢复:Eptesicus fuscus (高呼叫率) 和Carollia perspicillata (低呼叫率).
在不同的刺激间隔和强度下测量ABR波1幅度,以量化时间分辨率和前向掩盖效应.

主要成果:

在3毫秒以下的间隔内,Eptesicus fuscus保持了ABR波1幅度,表明时间分辨率优越.
卡罗莉亚淡花需要12毫秒的刺激后恢复,但在减少第二次刺激强度的情况下显示出增强的恢复.
观察到ABR波1上前方掩盖效应的显著物种差异,与回声定位行为相关.

结论:

蝙蝠的特定物种时间分辨率是在早期的听觉通路水平上建立的.
这些听觉处理差异是由特定物种的回声定位行为所造成的,例如捕获猎物与避开障碍物.

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相关概念视频

Echo

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...