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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

340
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Cognitivism01:17

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
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Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

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语言模型和人类一样,在推理任务上显示内容效应.

Andrew K Lampinen1, Ishita Dasgupta1, Stephanie C Y Chan1

  • 1Google DeepMind, Mountain View, CA, 94043  USA.

PNAS nexus
|July 17, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

大型语言模型 (LMs) 显示出类似人类的推理偏见,当问题内容与逻辑保持一致时表现更好. 然而,模型和人类在像Wason选择任务这样的复杂任务上有所不同.

关键词:
认知科学是认知科学.内容影响 内容影响 内容影响语言模型语言模型逻辑 逻辑 逻辑 逻辑 逻辑推理 推理 推理

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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2025

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科学领域:

  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 人工智能的人工智能
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 抽象推理对智能系统至关重要,但人类和大型语言模型 (LMs) 都表现出不完美.
  • 人类推理受到现实世界的知识和信念的影响,导致"内容效应",其中语义内容有助于逻辑推理.
  • 了解LM中的这些内容效应是理解它们与人类的认知相似性的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 调查大型语言模型 (LMs) 在他们的推理中是否表现出类似于人类的内容效应.
  • 在各种逻辑推理任务中比较LM和人类表现.
  • 探索这些发现对人类认知和LM发展的影响.

主要方法:

  • 在三个推理任务中评估了最先进的LM和人类参与者:自然语言推理,语法有效性判断和Wason选择任务.
  • 分析了准确性模式和较低级别的特征,例如LM信心和人类响应时间之间的关系.
  • 在任务之间比较LM和人类之间的推理的定性模式.

主要成果:

  • 像人类一样,当推理任务的语义内容支持逻辑推理时,LMs表现出更好的准确性.
  • 在准确性和LM信心与人类响应时间之间的关系中观察到并行.
  • 在Wason选择任务中出现了显著的差异,人类的表现要比LM差得多,并且表现出明显的错误模式.

结论:

  • 大型语言模型 (LMs) 在逻辑推理中反映了人类的"内容效应",暗示了共享的机制或影响.
  • 这些发现为人类内容效应的认知基础和塑造LM推理的因素提供了洞察力.
  • 性能上的差异,特别是在Wason任务上,突出了LM和人类推理分歧的领域,需要进一步调查.