在学龄前儿童中,执行功能和对立性挑问题以及强迫症问题的预测性关联
Denisa-Elena Zevedei1, Eva Penelo2,3, J Blas Navarro2,3
1Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
概括
学前儿童早期的执行功能技能预测了以后的反对性挑战性问题 (ODP) 和强迫症问题 (OCP). 与ODP相关的抑制和情绪控制缺陷,而与OCP相关的转移缺陷,具有共同的灵活性挑战.
科学领域:
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 对立挑问题 (ODP) 和强迫症问题 (OCP) 可以在儿童中同时发生.
- 早期执行职能与这些后来的行为问题之间的具体相互作用仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究3岁执行职能与ODP,ODP维度和6岁OCP之间的纵向关联.
- 确定与ODP和OCP相关的特定执行职能配置文件.
- 了解患有ODP和OCP的儿童的共同认知挑战.
主要方法:
- 对来自普通人口的622名学龄前儿童进行了纵向研究.
- 执行功能在3岁时使用执行功能行为评分清单 - 学前版本 (BRIEF-P) 进行评估.
- 在6岁时通过家长和教师报告评估ODP和OCP.
主要成果:
- 在3岁时,更高的教师报告的抑制和情绪控制,以及更低的shift缺陷与6岁时更高的ODP有关.
- 3岁时更高的Shift和更低的抑制缺陷与6岁时更高的OCP有关.
- 在灵活性指数中,ODP和OCP都有共同的困难,这表明情绪和行为调节受到了损害.
结论:
- 对ODP和OCP来说,执行功能的概况不同,在抑制,情绪控制和转移方面存在特定的缺陷.
- 灵活性受损是ODP和OCP中常见的认知挑战.
- 针对执行功能,特别是灵活性的早期干预可以帮助预防幼儿的ODP和OCP.
相关概念视频
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
24
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
24
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
84
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
84
Conduct Disorder
31
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
31
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
51
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
51
Information Processing Approach
33
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
33
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive
38
Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
38


