审查肉死亡率的定义及其对基因组评估的影响
Jennifer Richter1, Fernando Bussiman1, Jorge Hidalgo1
1Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Journal of animal science
|July 17, 2024
概括
使用早期和晚期死亡 (EM和LM) 模型来定义 brojler breeder 的死亡率,考虑到母体影响,提供了一个比单一结果更精确的图片. 这种方法可以提高基因选择的准确性,从而改善家禽繁殖计划.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学和动物繁殖
- 禽畜科学 禽畜科学 禽畜科学
- 量化遗传学 量化遗传学
背景情况:
- 肉养殖者的死亡率通常被视为一个离散的特征,忽视了随着时间的推移对遗传组件和母体影响的潜在变化.
- 现有的方法可能无法完全捕捉影响不同生命阶段死亡率的复杂遗传结构.
- 需要替代性质定义和统计模型来提高对死亡率的遗传评估的准确性.
研究的目的:
- 调查用于 brojiler育种者死亡率的其他特征定义.
- 为了比较线性和值模型在估计方差元件方面的有效性.
- 评估母亲遗传影响对早期死亡率的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用Cobb-Vantress, Inc.三年死亡率数据,将特征定义为总死亡率 (OM),每周死亡率, brojler死亡率 (BM),早期和晚期死亡率 (EM & LM),累积死亡率 (CM) 和重复记录 (RM).
- 使用线性模型和值模型估计的方差元件.
- 使用BLUP90软件预测的基因组繁殖值和使用线性回归 (LR) 验证的模型.
主要成果:
- 遗传性估计在特征定义和模型中从0.01到0.21不等,这表明了显著的遗传变异性.
- 在EM和LM之间的高遗传相关性 (0.480.81) 表明不同的遗传背景.
- 结合EM和LM的两种特征模型显示了与OM相似的准确性,提供了更详细的死亡概况. 母亲的影响显著降低了EM的直接遗传性.
结论:
- 通过使用单独的早期和晚期死亡特征来定义 brojler 死亡率,并将早期死亡率的孕产妇影响纳入其中,可以提供更准确的遗传评估.
- 这些发现表明,不同的遗传因素影响早期和晚期死亡率,需要不同的管理和选择策略.
- 这些精细的定义和模型可以提高家禽养殖计划的效率和有效性,以减少死亡率.
相关概念视频
02:41Lethal Alleles
15.4K
Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
15.4K
00:49Complementation Tests
4.9K
A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
4.9K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K