耳科:耳部感染 耳部感染
Maribeth Porter Williams1, Michael Tudeen1, Frank A Orlando1
1Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine.
FP essentials
|July 17, 2024
概括
急性中耳炎 (AOM) 是一种常见的儿童耳部感染. 对AOM的治疗可能涉及警等待或像阿莫西西林这样的抗生素,而带出血的中耳炎通常会自行消失.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 急性中耳炎 (AOM) 是一种常见的儿科诊断,其特点是耳朵疼痛,发烧或易怒.
- 常见的细菌病原体包括Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae和Moraxella catarrhalis. 这些病原体通常会引起肺炎.
- 中耳炎与溢出 (OME) 涉及中耳液,没有急性感染症状.
研究的目的:
- 概述儿童急性中耳炎 (AOM) 的诊断和管理.
- 描述中耳炎与输液 (OME) 的特征和典型解决方案.
- 详细介绍急性外耳炎的治疗方法.
主要方法:
- 临床表现和身体检查发现用于AOM诊断.
- 针对AOM的警等待和抗生素选择 (阿莫西西林) 的指南.
- tympanostomy管放置的指示对于复发性或持久性中耳炎.
- 外耳炎的诊断标准和局部治疗急性外耳炎.
主要成果:
- 警等待是6个月及以上儿童无并发单边AOM的一个选择.
- 当适用时,阿莫西西林是AOM推的第一线抗生素.
- OME通常会在3个月内消失;对于特定情况, tympanostomy 管是常见的.
- 急性外耳炎是用局部抗生素管理的,可能是用皮质类固醇.
结论:
- AOM的管理包括仔细考虑警等待与抗生素治疗.
- OME通常会自发消失,但可能需要手术干预.
- 局部治疗对于急性外耳炎是有效的.
相关概念视频
Anatomy of the Ear
8.2K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
8.2K
The Auditory Ossicles
1.6K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
1.6K
The Cochlea
44.7K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
44.7K
Tonsillitis I: Introduction
227
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
227
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure
9.2K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
9.2K
Equilibrium and Balance
4.6K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
4.6K


