在前三角洲,三角洲和欧米克朗时代的SARS-CoV-2感染后急性后果
Yan Xie1, Taeyoung Choi1, Ziyad Al-Aly1
1From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology (Y.X.), Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research and Development Service (Y.X., T.C., Z.A.-A.), and the Nephrology Section, Medicine Service (Z.A.-A.), Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System, the Veterans Research and Education Foundation of St. Louis (Y.X., T.C., Z.A.-A.), the Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine (Z.A.-A.), and the Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis (Z.A.-A.) - all in St. Louis.
在COVID-19大流行期间,SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) 后急性后续症的风险下降. 接种疫苗显著降低了PASC发病率,尽管在Omicron时代风险仍然很大.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染的后急性后果,称为PASC或长期COVID,可以影响多个器官系统.
- 在COVID-19大流行中的时间变化,包括SARS-CoV-2的演变,可能影响了PASC的风险和负担.
- 了解PASC风险在整个大流行期间是如何演变的,对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间调查PASC累积发病率的时间趋势.
- 评估不同SARS-CoV-2变种 (delta前,delta,omicron) 对PASC风险的影响.
- 评估针对PASC的疫苗接种的保护作用.
主要方法:
- 利用退伍军人事务部的健康记录,包括441,583名感染SARS-CoV-2的退伍军人和4,748,504名未感染的对照.
- 估计了PASC在感染后1年的累积发病率,跨越三个大流行时代:前三角形,三角形和奥米克朗.
- 进行了分解分析,以将PASC发病率的变化归因于与时代相关的影响 (病毒进化) 和疫苗接种.
主要成果:
- 在大流行期间,PASC的累积发病率下降了:未接种疫苗的人群中为10.42% (delta前),9.51% (delta) 和7.76% (omicron).
- 与未接种疫苗的人相比,接种疫苗的个体PASC发病率较低:5.34% (三角形) 和3.50% (小微型).
- 疫苗接种占PASC事件在Omicron时代减少的71.89%,与前三角洲和三角洲时代相比.
结论:
- 在COVID-19大流行期间,PASC的累积发病率已经下降.
- 接种疫苗是减少PASC风险的一个重要因素,对观察到的下降有很大贡献.
- 尽管减少了,但PASC的风险仍然很大,即使是接种疫苗的个体也感染了在Omicron时代.
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