带有耳植入器的年轻成年人的神经认知结果:早期语言获取和跨模式可塑性的作用
Geo Kartheiser1, Kayla Cormier2, Don Bell-Souder2
1Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
Hearing research
|July 17, 2024
概括
早期语言获取,口语或手语,对于具有耳植入物 (CI) 的年轻人认知发展至关重要. 晚期植入的CI用户表现出更好的美国手语 (ASL) 技能,而早期植入的用户的认知能力与典型的听力同龄人相比较.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
背景情况:
- 耳植入物 (CI) 为有严重听力损失的儿童提供听力.
- 关于从童年开始使用CIs的年轻成年人长期神经认知结果的研究有限.
- 了解CI使用者的认知发展对于教育和治疗支持至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较早期植入与晚植入的年轻成年CI用户的神经认知结果.
- 评估CI时间对认知流动性,非语言智力和美国手语 (ASL) 理解的影响.
- 探索CI使用者的跨模式可塑性和认知功能之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 进行认知评估,包括流动性,非语言智力和ASL理解能力.
- 参与者包括早期植入的CI用户 (n=20),迟植入的CI用户 (n=21) 和典型听力 (TH) 控制 (n=56).
- 在探索性分析中,使用视觉唤起的潜能检查了CI使用者的子集 (n=17) 的交叉模式可塑性.
主要成果:
- 在早期和晚期植入组之间没有发现一般认知或非语言智能的显著差异.
- 晚期植入的CI用户比早期植入的用户表现出明显更高的ASL理解能力.
- 与TH对照组相比,CI使用者在工作记忆和处理速度任务上的表现较低,但在执行功能或情节性记忆方面没有差异.
结论:
- 早期接触语言,无论是口语还是手语,对于患有CI的年轻成年人的认知发展至关重要.
- 晚期植入可能受益于早期的手语接触,可能会影响认知发展.
- 早期CI使用可能通过早期口语接触有利于认知发展,而跨模式可塑性在认知结果中的作用仍然不清楚.
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