人工智能系统判断道德和能力的能力的感知在聊天机器人的兴起中
Manuel Oliveira1, Justus Brands2, Judith Mashudi2
1Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Cognitive research: principles and implications
|July 17, 2024
概括
人们认为人工智能 (AI) 能够更好地判断能力而不是道德. 这种信念即使在像ChatGPT这样的先进人工智能中仍然存在,这表明AI的社会评估观念存在偏见.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 人类的社会评价依赖于道德和能力的判断.
- 先进的人工智能的兴起,包括大型语言模型 (LLM),引发了有关AI在社会判断中的感知能力的问题.
- 了解人类对AI评估人类属性的能力的看法对于负责任的AI开发和部署至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类如何判断人工智能 (AI) 在评估人类道德与能力方面的能力.
- 检查接触高级LLM对这些感知的影响.
- 测试假设,人工智能被认为比能力更不能判断道德.
主要方法:
- 进行了三项研究,共计N=200名参与者.
- 参与者估计了人工智能起源的可信性,对与道德和能力相关的行为书面印象.
- 探索性分析检查了这些判断在ChatGPT推出后的持久性,并控制了AI态度和印象来源.
主要成果:
- 研究1和研究3证实了这一假设:参与者更有可能将AI起源归因于与能力相关的印象,而不是与道德相关的印象.
- 第二项研究表明,这种效应特别适用于积极的行为.
- 人工智能感知能力和道德判断能力之间的区别在ChatGPT推出后持续了几个月,并且独立于一般的人工智能态度或印象的真实来源.
结论:
- 人类对人工智能持久地认为,与能力相比,它在评估道德方面不那么熟练.
- 这种对人工智能社会评估局限性的信念,尽管人工智能技术取得了进展,但仍然存在.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解这些人类偏见对人工智能感知对人类-人工智能互动和信任的影响.
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