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相关概念视频

The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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The Soil Ecosystem02:23

The Soil Ecosystem

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Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
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The Sulfur Cycle01:22

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Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
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The Calvin Benson Cycle01:46

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Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
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C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
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世界森林的碳汇

Yude Pan1, Richard A Birdsey2, Oliver L Phillips3

  • 1USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH, USA. yude.pan@usda.gov.

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|July 17, 2024
PubMed
概括

全球森林保持稳定的碳汇,吸收大量的二氧化碳. 然而,区域变化发生,温带和热带再生森林增加了沉降能力,而北极和完整的热带森林由于干扰和面积减少而出现下降.

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Design and Operation of a Continuous 13C and 15N Labeling Chamber for Uniform or Differential, Metabolic and Structural, Plant Isotope Labeling
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Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Role of Earthworms in Enhancing Mineral Weathering for CO2 Removal
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科学领域:

  • 生态与气候科学
  • 森林碳封存
  • 大陆生态系统

背景情况:

  • 陆地生态系统,特别是森林,通过吸收大气中的二氧化碳 (CO2) 在缓解气候变化方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
  • 了解森林碳汇的长期趋势和生物群特异性贡献对于气候建模和政策制定至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在全球生物群中对陆地二氧化碳吸收的森林贡献进行地面长期评估.
  • 分析森林三十年来碳汇的生物层面变化.
  • 评估森林碳汇相对于化石燃料排放和森林砍伐的影响.

主要方法:

  • 从北极,温带和热带生物群的30年实地森林数据的综合.
  • 分析全球和生物层面的碳汇趋势.
  • 森林碳吸收能力与化石燃料排放和森林砍伐率的比较.

主要成果:

  • 从20世纪90年代到2010年代,全球森林碳汇保持稳定. 3.5 3.6 Pg C yr-1 的时间.
  • 由于森林面积的扩大,温带和热带再生森林的碳吸收增加了 (分别为30%和29%).
  • 由于干扰加剧和面积减少,北极和完整的热带森林的碳吸收减少了 (分别为-36%和-31%).

结论:

  • 虽然全球森林的碳吸收稳定,但由于土地面积的变化和干扰制度存在显著的区域差异.
  • 全球森林消耗将近一半的化石燃料排放量, 但热带森林砍伐损失了三分之二.
  • 森林老化,持续的森林砍伐和干扰的增加可能会威胁到未来的森林沉降能力,需要有针对性的土地管理政策.