一个基于PSO-GWO的混合阶段转移设计,用于混合RIS辅助的异质网络系统
Abdel Nasser Soumana Hamadou1, Ciira Wa Maina2, Moussa Moindze Soidridine3
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Science, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Juja, Nairobi, Kenya.
Heliyon
|July 18, 2024
概括
一种新的混合可重新配置智能表面 (H-RIS) 显著提高了异质网络 (HetNets) 中的光谱效率. 这种方法使用的活性元素比完全活性表面少,性能优于被动RIS和完全活性RIS方法.
科学领域:
- 无线通信无线通信
- 超材料是什么?超材料是什么?
- 优化技术 优化技术
背景情况:
- 可重新配置的智能表面 (RIS) 在异质网络 (HetNets) 中提高光谱效率 (SE).
- 为HetNets优化混合RIS (H-RIS) 中的相位转移仍然是一个挑战.
- 现有的研究往往忽视了用于H-RIS阶段控制的混合元启发方法.
研究的目的:
- 在 Het.Net 中研究混合可重新配置智能表面 (H-RIS) 的性能.
- 建议和评估用于H-RIS相位移的混合元启发式优化技术.
- 为了证明SE收益,使用部分活跃的H-RIS与被动和完全活跃的RIS相比.
主要方法:
- 为信号反射和放大,提出了一种含有8%活性元素的混合RIS (H-RIS).
- 在SBS的传输束成形使用了零强迫方法.
- 混合RIS相位转移优化采用了混合PSO-GWO (HPSOGWO) 的元启发方法,将粒子群优化 (PSO) 和灰狼优化器 (GWO) 结合起来.
主要成果:
- 通过HPSOGWO方法实现了显著的光谱效率提高.
- 建议使用适度活跃元素的H-RIS方法,通过SDR优化优化了被动RIS.
- 该H-RIS方法也超越了完全活跃的RIS与拉格朗日乘数 (LM) 阶段转移设计.
结论:
- 混合RIS,通过混合元启发优化,在HetNets.提供了大量的SE收益.
- 部分活跃的H-RIS为完全活跃或被动的RIS提供了有效的替代方案.
- 该HPSOGWO技术有效地优化混合RIS相位转换,以提高无线网络性能.
相关概念视频
01:23Transmission Line Design Considerations
133
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
133
01:22Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers
165
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
165
01:26PD Controller: Design
213
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
213
01:16Cascaded Op Amps
621
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
621
01:15Gain
174
Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
174
01:24PI Controller: Design
240
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
240