概括
通过检查物质物体及其在塑造经验中的作用,残疾史正在演变. 新的方法专注于如何掩盖残疾,超越可见标记,了解其复杂性.
科学领域:
- 关于残疾人的研究.
- 科学和技术的历史 科学和技术的历史
- 社会历史 历史 社会历史
背景情况:
- 现代残疾史集成了社会和医疗模型,越来越多地关注物质对象.
- 社会历史中的"物质转折"使用物体来恢复边缘化的生活,包括残疾人.
- 科学与技术研究 (STS) 学者通过将对象视为代理和使用中的对象来影响残疾史.
研究的目的:
- 定义当代残疾历史及其发展的范围.
- 为残疾史领域提出一个新的方法框架.
- 解决以物质为中心的方法在代表"隐形"残疾方面的局限性.
主要方法:
- 通过其与物质文化的接触来分析残疾历史的发展.
- 应用科学和技术研究 (STS) 的概念来理解历史中对象的作用.
- 批评传统的医疗史方法,因为它们依赖患者类别.
主要成果:
- 自从材料转向以来,物质对象一直是残疾历史的核心,提供了超越文本来源的见解.
- STS视角揭示了对象和用户之间的权力和自主性的复杂相互作用.
- 目前以物质为中心的方法有可能掩盖"隐形"的残疾,创造定义上的挑战.
- 病史的"患者观点"可以加强生物医学类别,阻碍残疾研究的目标.
结论:
- 对于残疾史,需要一个新的方法论议程,将重点从"什么"被隐藏到"如何"被隐藏.
- STS方法为了解掩盖残疾的过程提供了有价值的工具.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑了解残疾史中排斥和不透明的机制.
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