相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 20, 2025

08:09
Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis
Published on: January 7, 2019
11.4K
术前阿尔法阻塞剂对尿道镜检查结果的影响:随机试验的元分析
Naeem Bhojani1, Ben H Chew2, Samir Bhattacharyya3
1Division of Urology Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal Québec Canada.
BJUI compass
|July 18, 2024
概括
手术前的α阻塞疗法通过减少并发症和手术时间来改善尿路透镜检查 (URS) 的结果. 这种耐受良好的治疗可以提高石头去除的成功率,尽管它可能会增加射精功能障碍的风险.
科学领域:
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 尿道透视 (URS) 是对脏和尿道结石的主要治疗方法.
- 优化URS结果和患者安全仍然是泌尿器科实践的重点.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估手术前阿尔法阻断剂治疗的疗效和安全性,在接受URS治疗的患者中.
- 确定阿尔法阻断剂对尿路检查关键结果的影响,包括无结石率和并发症.
主要方法:
- 一个系统的审查和随机对照试验 (RCT) 的元分析,涉及URS与或没有手术前阿尔法阻断剂的管理.
- 评估的结果包括尿路扩张,入口失败,手术时间,残留石头率,住院和并发症.
- 用GRADE标准来评估证据的确定性.
主要成果:
- 15个RCT (1653名患者) 的分析表明,URS是有效的 (81.2%的无石头率) 和安全的 (2.3%的严重并发症).
- 术前的α阻塞剂显著减少了尿路扩张,入口失败,手术时间,残留石头,住院和并发症.
- 潜在的副作用包括增加射精功能障碍;对于近端尿管结石,疗效可能会降低.
结论:
- 手术前的α阻塞疗法是一种耐受性良好的辅助药物,可以显著改善URS的结果.
- 这种疗法提高了URS治疗尿路结石的安全性和有效性.
相关概念视频
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers
664
α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
664
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
571
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
571
Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of ɑ-Receptor Blockers
846
Adrenergic antagonists, or sympatholytics, inhibit adrenoceptor activation driven by catecholamines or agonists. Based on their adrenoceptor specificity, adrenergic blockers can be categorized into two primary groups: α-adrenergic blockers (α-blockers) and β-adrenergic blockers (β-blockers). α-blockers interact with α1 and α2 subtypes of α-adrenoceptors.
Nonselective α-blockers: Nonselective α-blockers contain haloalkylamine or imidazoline...
Nonselective α-blockers: Nonselective α-blockers contain haloalkylamine or imidazoline...
846
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions
406
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
406
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers
336
β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
336

