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人类的感官和传感器从亚里士多德到现在
Thomas Brandt1, Marianne Dieterich1, Doreen Huppert1,2
1German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
Frontiers in neurology
|July 18, 2024
概括
亚里士多德的五种感官已经过时了,缺少诸如前庭感官和自身感觉等关键系统. 古代信仰错误地将感知置于心脏,而不是大脑,强调需要重新组织感官分类.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 科学的历史科学的历史.
- 感官生理学 感官生理学
背景情况:
- 亚里士多德的五官 (视觉,听觉,触觉,味觉,嗅觉) 仍然普遍存在于普通人的理解中,但在科学上是不完整的.
- 古代文化 (埃及,希腊,中国) 表现出心脏中心的观点,将感知和认知归因于心脏而不是大脑.
- 体感系统,前庭系统和自身感知系统代表了重要的感觉模式,这些都没有被列入历史分类.
研究的目的:
- 审查人类感官和传感器的历史意义演变.
- 突出历史感官分类与当前科学理解之间的差异.
- 倡导基于当代知识的感觉分类的全面重组.
主要方法:
- 历史文献评论专注于古代哲学和医学文本.
- 通过不同的历史时期,分析感官术语的语义发展.
- 历史感官概念与现代神经科学发现的比较.
主要成果:
- 亚里士多德的分类在非专家中仍然存在,将"触摸"与体感官系统混为一谈,并省略前庭系统和自身感知.
- 心脏中心观点主导着古代思想,与后来的脑中心假设形成鲜明对比.
- 19世纪的科学家为了解前体系统和自身感知 (肌肉感知/动感觉) 奠定了基础.
结论:
- 目前对感官和传感器的分类不一致,需要重新组织.
- 识别感官数量的扩大是必要的,包括像前庭感官和自觉感应这样的系统.
- 未来的分类必须纳入多感官相互作用及其在感知,认知和障碍中的作用.
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