实现和持续消除母亲和新生儿结核病的进展 - 全球,2000-2022年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|July 18, 2024
概括
消除孕产妇和新生儿结节炎 (MNTE) 的努力取得了重大进展,到2022年,80%的优先国家将得到验证. 然而,与大流行相关的干扰导致了近期破伤风病例的增加,需要重新关注免疫恢复.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
背景情况:
- 结核病对未接种疫苗的母亲和婴儿构成重大死亡风险,特别是在低收入国家,往往与不卫生的分娩方式有关.
- 消除孕产妇和新生儿结核病 (MNTE) 倡议针对59个国家,通过疫苗接种和改善分娩护理来打击这一威胁.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于2000年至2022年间全球MNTE倡议进展情况的最新报告.
- 评估各种MNTE策略的影响,并确定阻碍完全消除的挑战.
主要方法:
- 该研究分析了来自59个优先国家的数据,重点关注结毒素含有疫苗 (TTCV) 覆盖率,熟练分娩服务员率,以及新生儿结病例和死亡报告.
- 通过验证MNTE成就和报告的疫苗接种覆盖率和2000年至2022年的分娩援助统计数据来追踪进展情况.
主要成果:
- 到2022年12月,80%的优先国家实现了MNTE验证. 从2000年到2021年,全球新生儿病例和死亡人数大幅减少 (分别为89%和84%).
- 尽管取得了进展,但在报告的国家中,只有32%的报告国在2022年在孕妇中实现了≥80%的TTCV覆盖率. 在2020年之后,31%的优先国家报告说,由于免疫系统中断,新生儿病例增加.
结论:
- 虽然在消除孕产妇和新生儿结节炎方面取得了重大进展,但全球进展受到COVID-19大流行对常规免疫接种的影响的阻碍.
- 将MNTE战略纳入国家免疫恢复计划对于维持消除努力和实现全球目标至关重要.
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