空间变化和地理加权回归分析,以探索埃塞俄比亚家庭的露天排便习惯及其决定因素
Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh1, Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu1, Muluken Chanie Agimas1
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
PloS one
|July 18, 2024
概括
在埃塞俄比亚,露天排便仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题,有27.10%的家庭进行排便. 空间分析揭示了高风险地区和贫困和缺乏教育等因素,需要有针对性的干预.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 空间流行病学 空间流行病学
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 在埃塞俄比亚,露天排便 (OD) 普遍存在,影响超过四分之一的家庭,并导致水传播疾病.
- 埃塞俄比亚不太可能在2030年之前实现可持续发展目标 (SDG) 实现无露天排泄的地位.
- 了解OD的空间分布对于有效的公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查埃塞俄比亚家庭的露天排便 (OD) 的空间变化和地理不平等情况.
- 确定OD实践的高风险区域 (热点) 和低风险区域 (冷点).
- 探索与OD患病率相关的空间变化因素.
主要方法:
- 一个全国性的,基于社区的,涉及8663个家庭的横截面研究.
- 采用了全球和本地空间自相关分析 (莫兰斯-I,安塞林本地莫兰斯-I).
- 使用热点分析,集群检测 (SaTScan) 和地理加权回归 (GWR) 来分析空间模式和决定因素.
主要成果:
- 奥迪的患病率为27.10%,在统计区有显著的空间聚类 (全球莫兰的I=0.45).
- 在Tigray,Afar,北安哈拉,索马里和冈贝拉地区观察到高高的OD集群.
- 地理加权回归解释了75.20%的空间变化,确定农村居住,由女性领导的家庭,低教育程度,缺乏无线电接入和贫困是关键决定因素.
结论:
- 埃塞俄比亚在消除露天排便方面面临重大挑战,其流行率超过了撒哈拉以南非洲的平均水平.
- 特定的地区 (提格雷,阿法尔,北安哈拉,东奥罗米亚,索马里) 被确定为需要集中干预的高流行热点.
- 针对社会经济因素,促进卫生设施和提高社区意识的有针对性的战略至关重要,特别是在农村和贫困地区以及由女性领导的家庭.
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