呼吸道疾病中的性别差异:雌激素和呼吸道表面液态动力学
Brian J Harvey1,2, Noel G McElvaney3
1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 126 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. brianharvey@rcsi.ie.
Biology of sex differences
|July 18, 2024
概括
生物性影响呼吸道疾病,如喘和囊性纤维化 (CF). 雌激素可能会使CF和喘恶化,但通过改变气道表面液体 (ASL) 动态来改善COVID-19等疾病.
科学领域:
- 肺部医学 肺部医学
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 生物性别显著影响各种呼吸道疾病的结果,在囊性纤维化 (CF) 和喘等疾病中观察到不同的模式.
- 性类固醇激素,特别是雌激素,与这些基于性别的差异有关,影响疾病的严重程度和频率,特别是与月经周期和怀孕有关.
- 雌激素在恶化喘和CF等炎症性呼吸道疾病中的作用与其在具有肺水特征的疾病 (如ARDS和COVID-19) 中的潜在保护作用形成鲜明对比.
研究的目的:
- 审查雌激素影响气道表面液体 (ASL) 动态的机制.
- 阐明雌激素在囊性纤维化 (CF),喘和COVID-19中观察到的基于性别的差异中的作用.
- 探索雌激素如何影响粘膜清除和呼吸道内在的天生的防御机制.
主要方法:
- 对调查呼吸道疾病的性别差异的研究进行文献综述.
- 对雌激素对气道表面液体 (ASL) 动态的影响的分析.
- 在呼吸道疾病的背景下检查雌激素对免疫反应和病原体毒性的影响.
主要成果:
- 雌激素可以破坏ASL的动态,促进超免疫反应,增加病原体的毒性,对CF和喘的肺功能产生负面影响.
- 相反,雌激素对ASL动态的影响可能导致女性在涉及COVID-19和ARDS等肺水疾病中的优势.
- 雌激素对ASL特征的复杂调节,如身高,pH值和粘膜清除,是呼吸道疾病易感性和严重程度的性别差异的基础.
结论:
- 雌激素在一系列呼吸道疾病的性别差异中发挥着关键的,多方面的作用.
- 了解雌激素对ASL动态的调节是开发针对性治疗治疗CF,喘和COVID-19等疾病的关键.
- 对性激素和ASL调节的进一步研究是有必要的,以解决呼吸系统健康的性别差异.
相关概念视频
Breathing
59.0K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
59.0K
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
1.3K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
1.3K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
2.8K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
2.8K
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics
267
Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla. Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
267
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
381
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
381


