固体器官移植患者中SARS-CoV-2感染的神经并发症:免疫抑制是否重要?
Federica Avorio1, Giovanna Russelli2, Giovanna Panarello3
1Neurology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Italy (UPMCI), Palermo, Italy.
Frontiers in neurology
|July 19, 2024
概括
经历SARS-CoV-2感染的固体器官移植接受者经常出现神经症状,如肌痛和头痛. 感染的严重程度,而不是免疫抑制,与神经系统并发症相关.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 移植医学 移植医学 移植医学
背景情况:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染呈现出各种神经症状,从疲劳和头痛等常见症状到脑炎等严重疾病.
- 这些神经效应背后的确切机制,无论是直接的病毒影响还是系统性炎症,仍然不清楚.
- 研究免疫抑制剂的固体器官移植受体 (SOTR) 提供了一个独特的模型来调查SARS-CoV-2的神经影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查SARS-CoV-2感染后SOTRs的神经症状的频率和类型.
- 探索免疫抑制水平和神经症状发展之间的潜在相关性.
- 了解感染严重程度和神经系统结果之间的关系,在这个脆弱的人群中.
主要方法:
- 研究了2020年7月至2021年6月期间确诊的SARS-CoV-2感染的73个SOTRs (脏,肝脏,肺部,心脏) 的队列.
- 收集了人口统计和临床数据,并进行了电话采访,以追溯评估急性感染期间和感染后最多六个月的神经症状.
主要成果:
- 近74%的SOTR报告至少有一种神经症状.
- 最常见的症状是肌痛 (57.5%),头痛 (37%) 和嗅觉/口味功能障碍 (37%).
- 感染期间的氧气治疗与神经系统并发症显著相关 (p=0.0344);然而,先前存在的神经系统疾病和免疫抑制水平 (塔克罗利,类固醇) 并没有影响症状的发生.
结论:
- 在SOTR中,SARS-CoV-2感染经常引起神经症状,肌痛和头痛是最常见的.
- 虽然在这个群体中,低血症/低质症比一般人群更常见,但免疫抑制似乎不能保护神经系统的表现.
- 在患有严重SARS-CoV-2感染的患者中,神经症状更为频繁,这凸显了在感染期间和感染后监测SOTR神经健康的重要性.
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