切尔诺贝利灾难后受污染最严重的地区的甲状腺癌
Marek K Janiak1, Grzegorz Kamiński2
1Professor Emeritus, Former Head of the Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Journal of biomedical physics & engineering
|July 19, 2024
概括
儿童暴露于电离辐射会增加甲状腺癌的风险. 然而,切尔诺贝利后增加的甲状腺癌诊断在很大程度上是由于查,而不仅仅是辐射影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 辐射生物学 辐射生物学
背景情况:
- 儿童暴露于电离辐射是甲状腺癌的已知危险因素.
- 1986年切尔诺贝利事故导致白俄罗斯,乌克兰和俄罗斯的年轻人登记了超过19,000例甲状腺癌病例.
- 据估计,受污染地区甲状腺癌发病率的实际辐射归因部分约为0.25.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析切尔诺贝利事故后甲状腺癌的发病率.
- 为了区分辐射诱导的癌症和通过增强查检测的癌症.
- 调查甲状腺瘤过度诊断的其他促成因素.
主要方法:
- 在白俄罗斯,乌克兰和受污染的俄罗斯地区,分析了1991-2015年甲状腺癌登记数据.
- 评估联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会 (UNSCEAR) 的数据.
- 审查诊断实践和潜在的辅助因素,如缺乏和酸盐暴露.
主要成果:
- 在受影响人群中,特别是儿童和青少年中,甲状腺癌登记率显著增加.
- 大多数检测到的甲状腺瘤是由于"查效应" - - 强化诊断检查检测意外瘤.
- 一种特定类型的甲状腺癌,以前称为"状甲状腺癌的封装卵泡变体",被重新归类为非侵入性.
结论:
- 切尔诺贝利后甲状腺癌诊断的大幅增加主要是由于加强了对非侵入性瘤的查和检测.
- 虽然辐射是危险因素,但其他因素,如年龄,缺乏和酸盐污染的水也可能导致甲状腺瘤发病率.
- 某些甲状腺瘤的重新分类是必要的,以准确地反映它们的非侵入性和避免过度诊断.
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