巴西的非法毒品:环境影响和消费模式
André Luiz Sampaio da Silva Junior1, Gregório Mateus Santana1, Madson Moreira Nascimento2,3
1Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Desenvolvimento E Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
概括
巴西的非法毒品消费量正在上升,特别是在年轻人中. 环境监测揭示了水生生态系统中的药物代谢物水平以及海洋生物中的生物积累.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 法医化学 法医化学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 非法毒品在巴西的消费,分销和环境影响是严重的公共卫生和环境问题.
- 在研究中存在地理差异,东南地区显示了最多的研究,北/东北地区显示最少的研究.
- 边境州的研究有限,尽管它们靠近非法毒品生产来源.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析关于巴西2018-2023年非法毒品消费,街头分析,分销和环境影响的文献.
- 审查关于人口与毒品接触的第三次全国药物使用调查的调查结果.
- 确定分析方法和环境污染水平的趋势.
主要方法:
- 国家和国际期刊的综合文献综述 (2018-2023年).
- 对第三次全国药物使用调查数据的分析.
- 评估分析技术,包括绿色化学和化学测量.
- 评估水生环境和生物中的药物代谢物的环境度.
主要成果:
- 东南地区,特别是圣保罗,主导着巴西非法毒品研究.
- 分析方法越来越多地包含小型化,绿色化学和统计工具.
- 可卡因和大麻代谢物经常在水生环境中检测到 (0.01-2000 ng L-1).
- 在海洋生物群中观察到药物代谢物的生物积累 (在和沉积物中高达4.58μg kg−1),表明生态风险.
- 非法毒品的使用正在增加,特别是在巴西年轻人中.
结论:
- 在巴西,非法毒品消费的趋势越来越大,对环境造成重大后果.
- 需要进一步的研究,特别是在研究不足的地区和边境地区.
- 先进的分析方法对于有效监测和环境中非法药物的风险评估至关重要.
相关概念视频
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