在多因素背景下评估农药对蜜蜂的致命和次致命影响
Davide Frizzera1, Virginia Zanni1, Elisa Seffin1
1Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
The Science of the total environment
|July 21, 2024
概括
一项新的研究表明,虽然杀虫剂硫酸在现场现实的水平上不会杀死蜜蜂,但它可能会导致次致命效应. 这凸显了综合性农药风险评估的必要性,考虑到多种环境压力因素.
科学领域:
- 环境毒理学环境毒理学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 农药风险评估 农药风险评估
背景情况:
- 农药注册往往忽视了复杂的环境相互作用,导致意想不到的非目标物种影响和禁令.
- 目前用于农药评估的实验室协议主要关注致命效应,忽视关键的次致命影响和现实世界的压力因素.
- 评估农药需要在涉及多种环境压力因素的现实场景中评估致命和次致命的影响.
研究的目的:
- 提出和验证一种新的多因素方法来评估农药危害,考虑与其他压力因素结合的致命和次致命影响.
- 调查杀虫剂硫 sulfoxaflor 对蜜蜂 (蜜蜂蜜蜂) 在包括寄生虫,低于最佳温度和食物剥夺在内的综合压力因素的影响.
- 评估对非目标物种的综合危险评估方法的可行性和可靠性.
主要方法:
- 对蜜蜂的生存率和基因表达 (转录组) 进行了分析,以评估硫亚的致命和次致命效应.
- 采用多因素实验设计,模拟现场现实的条件与结合的压力因素.
- 该研究的重点是蜜蜂饮食中硫黄素的现场现实度.
主要成果:
- 实地现实的硫甲度没有显著影响蜜蜂的存活率.
- 对蜜蜂转录组的分析揭示了对关键基因的重大影响,表明潜在的次致命效应.
- 该研究证明了一种新的,多因素的危险评估方法的可行性.
结论:
- 对于准确的农药风险评估,必须采用全面的多因素方法,超越单一因素,以死亡率为重点的评估.
- 农药的次致命效应,即使在非致命度下,也可能在复杂的环境场景中发生,需要进一步调查.
- 这种方法对于保护重要的生态系统服务,如授粉,并确保粮食生产的可持续性至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:27Effects of Chemicals: Overview
Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
01:00Drug Toxicity: Overview
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
01:23Toxicity Testing in Animals
Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...