在南非脆弱的学龄前儿童中,执行功能的风险和保护因素
Caylee J Cook1, Steven J Howard2, Hleliwe Makaula1
1SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Journal of cognition
|July 22, 2024
概括
南非年幼儿童的执行功能 (EF) 发展受到参加幼儿教育和护理 (ECCE) 服务和护理人员多样性的影响,而不是通常假设的收入等因素. 这凸显了对EF进行特定环境研究的需要.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 幼儿教育 儿童早期教育
背景情况:
- 现有的执行职能 (EF) 研究主要集中在西方,高收入背景.
- 了解在多样化,低收入环境中EF发展的关键需求.
- 在这些情况下,对幼儿教育和护理 (ECCE) 服务的有限访问可能会影响EF.
研究的目的:
- 调查环境特异性风险和EF发展的保护因素的纵向关联.
- 为了检查南非3岁至5岁儿童的EF,并有有限的ECCE接入.
- 通过研究代表性不足的人群,挑战和完善现有的EF理论.
主要方法:
- 在南非对171个儿童照顾者双进行了纵向研究.
- 两个数据收集波大约相隔七个月.
- 儿童EF使用早期工具箱进行评估;通过护理人员问卷,通过特定背景因素.
主要成果:
- 参加ECCE服务和护理人员多样性与儿童EF有积极的关联.
- 家庭收入和护理人员教育并不是EF的重要预测因素.
- 家庭资源与EF发展有着意想不到的负面关联.
结论:
- 在西方背景下建立的EF预测器可能无法对低收入环境进行概括.
- 在这个人群中,ECCE服务和护理人员的多样性是EF发展的关键因素.
- 未来的研究应该采用定性和民族学方法,以捕捉EF的文化细微差别.
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