概括
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) A(H5) 病毒的检测在欧洲仍然很低,但在美国已经加剧,牛现在是传染媒介. 人类病例很少见,对公众的风险低,但对暴露的个体的风险中等.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) A(H5) 病毒继续在全球传播.
- 来自欧洲和美国的最新监测数据显示,HPAI流行病学正在演变.
研究的目的:
- 报告最近在鸟类和哺乳动物中检测到的HPAI A(H5) 病毒.
- 为了记录人类感染禽流感病毒的病例.
- 评估流行病学情况和相关风险.
主要方法:
- 从欧洲国家收集监控数据 (2024年3月至6月).
- 在美国监测HPAI A(H5) 病毒活动,包括新的基因型和物种.
- 在全球范围内报告人类禽流感病毒病例.
主要成果:
- 在2024年3月至6月期间,在欧洲鸟类 (家禽和野生) 中发现了42例HPAI A(H5),这是自2019-2020年以来的低水平.
- 美国HPAI情况加剧,乳牛群中出现了新的A(H5N1) 基因型 (B3.13),牛奶是传播媒介.
- 在阿尔帕卡和海中首次发现HPAI;全球报告了14例人类病例,其中包括墨西哥首例致命的A(H5N2) 病例.
结论:
- 在欧洲,HPAI A(H5) 病毒的流传量很低,主要从野生鸟类传播到家禽.
- 在美国,牛是HPAI A ((H5N1) 的新的重要宿主和传播媒介.
- 人类感染禽流感病毒仍然罕见,公众风险低但职业风险中等.
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