从临床笔记中提取物质使用信息:生成预训练的基于变压器的调查
Fatemeh Shah-Mohammadi1, Joseph Finkelstein1
1Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
JMIR medical informatics
|July 22, 2024
概括
像GPT-3.5这样的大型语言模型可以从临床笔记中提取患者物质使用信息. 零射击学习在识别提及方面表现出色,而少射击学习改善了状态确定,有助于个性化患者护理.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 自然语言处理自然语言处理.
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 行为因素,包括精神活性物质的使用,显著影响公共卫生和患者的结果.
- 全球疾病负担研究强调了因物质使用而增加的残疾调整寿命年负担.
- 有效识别患者的物质使用对于临床团队提供有针对性的支持和改善护理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查生成预训练变压器 (GPT) 模型的应用,特别是GPT-3.5,用于提取烟草,酒精和物质使用信息.
- 评估GPT-3.5在零射击和少数射击学习环境中的性能,以分析临床出院摘要.
- 解决传统的自然语言处理在分析与物质使用有关的各种临床语言方面的局限性.
主要方法:
- 使用密集护理III (MIMIC-III) 数据集的医疗信息中心,专注于出院摘要.
- 通过代探索和各种提示的改进,采用了提示工程.
- 使用零射击和少数射击提示策略评估模型熟练程度.
主要成果:
- GPT-3.5在识别烟草,酒精和物质使用提及时表现出不同程度的有效性.
- 零射击学习在识别物质使用提及时实现了高准确性.
- 短期学习降低了整体准确性,但提高了物质使用状态的识别,提高了回忆力和F1得分,以牺牲精度.
结论:
- 零射击学习是有效的全面召回物质使用提及.
- 快速学习有利于准确确定物质使用状态,尽管存在潜在的准确性权衡.
- 将人工智能驱动的方法集成到电子健康记录中,可以增强早期检测,定制干预措施,并改善患者的健康状况.
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