在枪支政策研究中的混者选择:一个范围审查
Julia P Schleimer1,2, Camerin A Rencken1,2, Matthew Miller3
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
American journal of epidemiology
|July 22, 2024
概括
由于混,估计枪支政策的影响具有挑战性. 这次审查发现,研究如何控制潜在的混因素存在很大差异,这影响了枪支政策研究中的因果推断.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生政策 卫生政策
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 立法枪支政策的目的是减少与枪支有关的伤害.
- 混变量对准确评估这些政策的因果影响构成重大挑战.
- 现有的健康科学文献显示,在枪支政策评估中控制混因素的变化.
研究的目的:
- 在健康科学文献中描述美国枪支政策评估中潜在混因素的选择.
- 为批判性地评估现有研究提供资源,并为未来关于枪支政策有效性的研究提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed索引的经验研究文章的范围审查 (2000年1月1日 - 2021年1月9日).
- 包括检查18项预先规定的枪支政策的研究.
- 提取了关于暴露 (枪支政策) 的数据,结果,潜在的混因素和研究方法 (静态,不受控制的前后,受控的前后).
主要成果:
- 在不同的研究方法和政策成果中,混者选择的差异很大.
- 通常调整的混因素包括社会人口统计学,经济,乡村/城市化,暴力犯罪,执法,酒精使用和枪支访问代理.
- 其他枪支政策在23%-44%的研究中被纳入调整套.
- 混选择的理由通常是基于先前的研究 (40%) 或未说明 (39%).
结论:
- 对于枪支政策评估的混控制策略存在显著的异质性.
- 调查结果强调了在未来的枪支政策研究中需要更加严格和透明的混控制.
- 这一审查是提高有关枪支政策影响的证据质量的资源.
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