移动的关节动物:一个完整的遗传工具包审查
Giulia Campli1,2, Olga Volovych3, Kenneth Kim1,2
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, Bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
概括
关节动物的变形是一个复杂的过程,由保存的遗传工具包控制,尽管在各种类型中存在知识差距. 需要进一步的研究,以了解谱系特异性适应和外骨调节中的进化创新.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 外骨架对于关节动物的支持,保护和生活方式多样性至关重要.
- 关节动物的生长是不连续的,需要定期脱落和通过变形来替换外骨架.
- 变涉及复杂,严格规范的生理和分子过程,这些过程对于生存至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为管理关节动物变种的遗传工具包提供全面的概述.
- 识别关节动物群体之间变形机制的共同点,差异和知识差距.
- 综合当前的知识,并突出未来的关节动物变的研究方向.
主要方法:
- 文献综述综合了几十年来关于关节动物变的研究.
- 基因和分子机制的比较分析在切利塞拉塔,米利亚波达,甲类和六类.
- 将基因组和转录组数据与实验发现相结合.
主要成果:
- 已经确定了参与变形过程的节肢动物基因的超保存核心.
- 目前的研究中存在显著的分类学和基于过程的偏见,昆虫被过度代表.
- 关于早期变的触发因素,晚期效应因素和谱系特定的创新,仍然存在知识差距.
结论:
- 变形的分子机器很可能是从一个保存的途径进化而来的,随后的详细阐述.
- 进一步的分类学探索至关重要,以表征血统特定的变化和变形的新奇性.
- 基因组学的进步为研究未被充分探索的种类和理解变形复杂性的新途径提供了新的途径.
相关概念视频
01:35Pedigree Analysis
Overview
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
02:59Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
02:08Gene Conversion
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
02:18Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.