在近620,000名糖尿病患者中,疫苗接种景观
Francesca D'Addio1,2, Elisa Lazzaroni1,2, Maria Elena Lunati1
1Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
|July 23, 2024
概括
疫苗接种显著减少了糖尿病患者 (T1D和T2D) 的死亡率和住院病例. 尽管覆盖率低,但流感等关键疫苗提供了相当大的保护,这凸显了提高免疫率的必要性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 糖尿病 (第一类和第二类) 与感染易感性增加有关,导致住院和死亡率更高.
- 了解疫苗接种对高风险人群的影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析伦巴第地区免疫接种计划中的大量糖尿病患者 (1型和2型) 的"疫苗组"景观.
- 评估疫苗接种对糖尿病患者死亡率和住院率的影响,与没有糖尿病患者相比.
主要方法:
- 对618,396名糖尿病患者和9,534,087名非糖尿病患者的流感,脑膜炎球菌,肺炎球菌和疹免疫覆盖率的回顾性分析.
- 这些数据是从伦巴第地区的公共计算机化健康登记处在2021年9月至2022年9月期间收集的.
- 疫苗接种和未接种糖尿病患者之间的死亡率和住院率的比较,考虑糖尿病类型,年龄和其他因素.
主要成果:
- 糖尿病患者中接种疫苗的覆盖率很低:流感为44.6%,肺炎球菌为10.9%,脑膜炎球菌为2.5%,疹为0.7%.
- 接种流感,杆菌和脑膜炎球菌疫苗与整体死亡风险降低2倍,住院病例减少有关.
- 接受流感,疹和脑膜炎球菌疫苗的老年糖尿病患者的死亡风险降低了3倍,心脏和肺部住院病例减少.
结论:
- 目前糖尿病患者的免疫覆盖率远远低于推的目标.
- 仅仅接种流感疫苗就能使每10万糖尿病患者中约有3800人免于死亡.
- 死亡率和住院病例的大幅减少强调了扩大糖尿病患者疫苗接种计划的必要性.
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