政策简报:优化在儿科住院医院环境中的抗菌药物使用
概括
南非儿童过度使用抗菌素导致抗菌素耐药性 (AMR). 这项研究评估了儿科住院患者对医疗相关感染 (HAI) 的抗菌素处方,并推PRACTICE策略以优化使用.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 抗微生物药物耐药性 (AMR) 是一种全球卫生危机,因抗微生物药物的过度使用而加剧.
- 儿童群体,特别是住院患者,容易受到感染,并消耗大量的抗菌剂.
- 关于南非等低至中等收入国家 (LMICs) 新生儿和儿童在医疗保健相关感染 (HAI) 中使用抗微生物药物的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 评估南非学术公立医院内儿科住院患者的抗菌素使用模式.
- 确定改善抗菌素处方对HAI的适当性的领域.
- 为在脆弱人群中打击AMR的策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 采用了横截面研究设计.
- 收集和分析了对住院儿童的抗菌素处方的数据.
- 对抗微生物选择的评估是根据世卫组织的AWaRe分类系统进行的.
主要成果:
- 22.9%的住院儿童至少接受了一种抗微生物药物.
- 新生儿,婴儿和青少年的 HAI 抗菌素处方率较高.
- 通常处方的抗微生物药物包括青素,氨基甘油酸和碳烯;选择一般与世卫组织的AWaRe指南保持一致.
- 艾滋病毒感染并未被确定为HAI或抗菌素使用增加的风险因素.
结论:
- 优化对儿科住院患者的抗菌素处方对于打击南非的抗菌素耐药性至关重要.
- 简称"PRACTICE"总结了关键策略:标准化政策,治疗审查,年龄特定的管理,协作和研究.
- 实施感染预防,监测和电子管理工具对于改善抗微生物药物使用和患者结果至关重要.
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