人口变化对南非结核病易感性的强烈影响
Oshiomah P Oyageshio1, Justin W Myrick2, Jamie Saayman3
1Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
PLOS global public health
|July 23, 2024
概括
南非的结核病 (TB) 风险受男性性别和城市居住的影响. 社会经济地位和年龄相互影响,农村出生和城市迁移增加风险,而城市出生和农村生活是保护性的.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 南非面临着高结核病 (TB) 负担,大多数病例与艾滋病毒联合感染无关.
- 北开普省的结核病发病率极高,凸显了本地流行病学研究的必要性.
- 了解结核病传播动态对于在人口暴露率高的流行地区至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查南非北开普省活跃结核病的流行病学风险因素.
- 为了确定与TB风险独特相关的人口和社会经济因素,在这个研究不足的地区.
- 分析年龄,社会经济地位和地理流动性对结核病易感性的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 采用病例控制研究设计,从社区卫生诊所招募参与者.
- GeneXpert Ultra测试用于在疑似病例中诊断活性结核病.
- 使用后勤回归和随机森林建模来评估风险因素和相互作用.
主要成果:
- 男性性别和城市居住是结核病的重要危险因素 (OR:分别为3.02和3.20).
- 社会经济地位与年龄有显著的相互作用,改变了不同年龄组中更高的SES的保护作用.
- 出生在农村和搬到城镇增加了结核病的风险;相反,城镇出生与农村居住是有保护作用的.
结论:
- 常见的结核病风险因素在南非复制,但与社会经济地位和流动性的独特相互作用是显而易见的.
- 人口变化,包括SES和人口流动性的变化,是结核病风险的关键因素.
- 这些已识别的风险因素共同解释了结核病病例/对照病例状况差异的很大一部分 (19-21%).
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