评估两个中国 (Bos grunniens) 种群的基因组近亲繁殖
Shi-Yi Chen1, Zhihao Luo2, Xianbo Jia2
1Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 211# Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Sichuan, 611130, China. sychensau@gmail.com.
BMC genomics
|July 23, 2024
概括
基因组分析显示,与Jiulong yak相比,Maiwa yaks的近亲繁殖率更高,尽管一些估计者没有显示出差异. 这些发现有助于雅克的保护和利用计划.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 雅克是青海-西藏高原的重要牲畜,提供食物,生态系统服务和文化价值.
- 雅克种群中不受控制的交配阻止了传统的基于血统的近亲繁殖估计.
- 全基因组单核酸多态 (SNP) 为准确的近亲繁殖评估提供了强大的工具.
研究的目的:
- 为了准确评估两个中国雅克种群的基因组亲生繁殖水平:Maiwa和Jiulong.
- 为了比较来自各种SNP-by-SNP和基于细分的方法的内生估计.
- 识别与近亲繁殖和生产特征相关的候选基因和基因组区域.
主要方法:
- 从71只Maiwa和30只Jiulong获得全基因组SNP的DNA测序.
- 计算了五个SNP-by-SNP亲生繁殖估计器 ([公式:见文本],[公式:见文本],[公式:见文本],[公式:见文本],[公式:见文本]).
- 使用基于细分的方法估计同卵性 (ROH) 和同卵性下降 (HBD) 细分的运行 ([公式:见文本],[公式:见文本]).
主要成果:
- 吉隆雅克表现出比迈瓦雅克更大的遗传多样性.
- 迈瓦雅克在SNP-by-SNP估计中始终显示出更高的基因组内生殖水平.
- ROH和HBD分析显示出不一致性,一些方法表明种群之间没有显著的近亲繁殖差异.
- 与生产特征相关的候选基因在具有显著遗传差异化 (Fst) 或ROH丰富的地区被确定.
结论:
- 使用SNP数据成功评估了Maiwa和Jiulong种群的基因组内生殖水平.
- 不同的亲生繁殖估计器之间的差异凸显了基因组亲生繁殖评估的复杂性.
- 该研究为实施这些雅克种群的遗传保护和利用策略提供了有价值的数据.
相关概念视频
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
01:43Incomplete Dominance
22.3K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
22.3K
01:49Hardy-Weinberg Principle
72.0K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
72.0K
01:25What is Population Genetics?
57.8K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
57.8K
02:27Trihybrid Crosses
23.2K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
23.2K