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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
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在现实世界试验中的概括性.

Anatol-Fiete Näher1,2, Marvin Kopka2,3, Felix Balzer2

  • 1Digital Global Public Health, Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.

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此摘要是机器生成的。

现实世界证据 (RWE) 试验比传统研究提供了更好的概括性. 然而,在RWE试验设计中使用随机抽样和校正方法仍然有限,这阻碍了充分实现益处.

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科学领域:

  • 临床试验 临床试验
  • 现实世界的证据研究研究.
  • 生物统计学 生物统计学

背景情况:

  • 与随机对照试验 (RCT) 相比,现实世界证据 (RWE) 试验提供了增强的概括性,这对于生物学见解和向治疗至关重要.
  • 在RWE研究中,通过随机抽样或样本校正程序优化了概括性,特别是在使用非随机收集的真实世界数据 (RWD) 时.

研究的目的:

  • 评估目前的RWE试验设计是否包含采样策略的程度.
  • 调查在RWE试验规划和执行中是否考虑随机抽样或样本校正方法.

主要方法:

  • 从临床trials.gov,EU-PAS和OSF-RWE注册表上的RWE试验注册中挖掘公开的元数据的文本挖掘.
  • 对2002年至2022年RWE试验中采样方法和校正程序的报告趋势的分析.

主要成果:

  • 包括采样信息在内的RWE试验注册的比例从65.27% (2002年) 增加到97.43% (2022年).
  • 在同一时期,采用随机抽样的试验从14.79%增加到28.30%.
  • 在RWE试验中,对非随机样本的样本校正程序的使用率仍然很低,从0.00%增加到0.95%.

结论:

  • 虽然在RWE试验中报告采样情况有所改善,但采用稳健的采样技术,包括随机采样和校正方法,尚未得到广泛应用.
  • 由于目前的设计局限性,未能充分利用现实数据的全部潜力,以提高试验结果的概括性.