通过弱监督学习的胸部X射线图进行解剖学特异性进展分类
Ke Yu1, Shantanu Ghosh1, Zhexiong Liu1
1From the School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (K.Y., Z.L.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Office 421, Boston, MA 02215 (S.G., K.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (C.D.); and Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.B.P.).
Radiology. Artificial intelligence
|July 24, 2024
概括
这项研究引入了一种机器学习模型,用于使用放射学报告标签对胸部X射线中疾病进展进行分类. 该模型有效监测间隔变化,并识别新的病理状况.
科学领域:
- 放射学和医学成像学 医学成像学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 机器学习用于医疗保健
背景情况:
- 在胸部放射图中精确分类疾病进展对于患者管理至关重要.
- 当前的方法在分析间隔变化和检测新病理时可能缺乏效率.
- 弱监督的学习提供了一个有希望的方法来利用放射学报告的大数据集.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种机器学习方法,用于在胸部X射线图中对疾病进展进行分类.
- 为了培训,利用从放射学报告中自动获得的弱标签.
- 为了监测间隔变化和检测新的病理状况.
主要方法:
- 一项使用双胞胎神经网络架构的回顾性研究.
- 两步弱监督学习:在MIMIC-CXR上进行预训练,在进度标记数据上进行微调.
- 评估使用接收器操作特征 (AUC) 曲线下的面积用于分类和定位的平均平均精度.
主要成果:
- 该模型在六个病理观察中对疾病进展进行分类方面取得了强的表现,AUC得分从0.69到0.81.8不等.
- 该算法在定位新的进展区域方面表现出能力,达到高达0.34.3的平均平均精度得分.
- 在进展分类任务中,性能超过了大多数基线模型.
结论:
- 机器学习模型可以在使用弱监督学习的大型胸部放射数据集上进行有效训练.
- 这些模型可以准确地分类疾病的进展,并定位新的发现.
- 开发的方法有助于监测间隔变化,并在胸部X射线图中检测新的病理状况.
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