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相关概念视频

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

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The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT01:30

Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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通过弱监督学习的胸部X射线图进行解剖学特异性进展分类.

Ke Yu1, Shantanu Ghosh1, Zhexiong Liu1

  • 1From the School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (K.Y., Z.L.); Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary's St, Office 421, Boston, MA 02215 (S.G., K.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa (C.D.); and Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Mass (C.B.P.).

Radiology. Artificial intelligence
|July 24, 2024
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了一种机器学习模型,用于使用放射学报告标签对胸部X射线中疾病进展进行分类. 该模型有效监测间隔变化,并识别新的病理状况.

关键词:
卷积神经网络 (CNN) 是一种神经网络.紧急辐射学 紧急辐射学命名实体的认可方式预测 预后 预测 预测转移学习学习 转移学习没有监督的学习学习.

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科学领域:

  • 放射学和医学成像学 医学成像学
  • 人工智能在医学中的应用
  • 机器学习用于医疗保健

背景情况:

  • 在胸部放射图中精确分类疾病进展对于患者管理至关重要.
  • 当前的方法在分析间隔变化和检测新病理时可能缺乏效率.
  • 弱监督的学习提供了一个有希望的方法来利用放射学报告的大数据集.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和评估一种机器学习方法,用于在胸部X射线图中对疾病进展进行分类.
  • 为了培训,利用从放射学报告中自动获得的弱标签.
  • 为了监测间隔变化和检测新的病理状况.

主要方法:

  • 一项使用双胞胎神经网络架构的回顾性研究.
  • 两步弱监督学习:在MIMIC-CXR上进行预训练,在进度标记数据上进行微调.
  • 评估使用接收器操作特征 (AUC) 曲线下的面积用于分类和定位的平均平均精度.

主要成果:

  • 该模型在六个病理观察中对疾病进展进行分类方面取得了强的表现,AUC得分从0.69到0.81.8不等.
  • 该算法在定位新的进展区域方面表现出能力,达到高达0.34.3的平均平均精度得分.
  • 在进展分类任务中,性能超过了大多数基线模型.

结论:

  • 机器学习模型可以在使用弱监督学习的大型胸部放射数据集上进行有效训练.
  • 这些模型可以准确地分类疾病的进展,并定位新的发现.
  • 开发的方法有助于监测间隔变化,并在胸部X射线图中检测新的病理状况.