考拉逆转录病毒和瘤:相关性和潜在机制
Rachael Tarlinton1, Alex D Greenwood2
1School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Current opinion in virology
|July 24, 2024
概括
考拉逆转录病毒 (KoRV) 从传染性病毒转变为内源逆转录病毒 (ERV),增加了考拉的癌症风险. 这篇评论探讨了KoRVV的情况.
科学领域:
- * 病毒学和逆病毒学
- * 癌症生物学和瘤学
- * 遗传学和基因组学
背景情况:
- * 考拉逆转录病毒 (KoRV) 作为研究生殖逆转录病毒殖民的独特模型.
- * 这一过程将外源性传染性逆转录病毒转化为内源性逆转录病毒 (ERV),成为一种遗传性遗传特征.
- * KoRV目前在考拉中被观察到处于从外源到内源状态的过渡阶段.
研究的目的:
- * 审查当前对考拉 KoRV相关瘤的理解.
- * 探索KoRV与癌症发展之间联系的机制.
- * 提供对逆转录病毒生殖线殖民的健康影响的见解.
主要方法:
- * 文献综述和对KORV和瘤现有研究的综合.
- *对研究科尔维整合和瘤发生的生物学机制的分析.
- *对KORV过渡状态及其与癌症发病率相关性的比较分析.
主要成果:
- * KoRV向内源逆转录病毒 (ERV) 的过渡在考拉中与高瘤发生率有很强的相关性.
- * 特定的KoRV插入及其表达与各种癌症的发展有关.
- * 机制包括插入性突变发生,病毒基因产物和免疫失调.
结论:
- * KoRV代表了理解逆转录病毒对宿主健康和进化的影响的关键模型.
- *正在进行的KoRV向ERV的过渡是考拉种群癌症的重要驱动因素.
- *对KORV机制的进一步研究对于考拉的保护和理解逆转录病毒瘤发生至关重要.
更多相关视频
09:53An In Vitro Model for Studying Cellular Transformation by Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus
Published on: August 25, 2017
8.3K
10:32Combined Use of Tail Vein Metastasis Assays and Real-Time In Vivo Imaging to Quantify Breast Cancer Metastatic Colonization and Burden in the Lungs
Published on: December 19, 2019
10.8K
相关概念视频
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
5.1K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.1K
Retroviruses
12.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.2K
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
5.0K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
5.0K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
11.4K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
11.4K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.8K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
5.7K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
5.7K
